“Vagabond (Sans toit ni loi)” (1985), the Agnès Varda’s fictional documentary, casting Sandrine Bonnaire for the roll of Mona Bergeron, “sans toit ni loi” (“Without Roof or Rule”), is more than a film about a drifter. It is a way of presenting the humankind by means of a strange, courageous woman.
Mona Bergeron, “the drifter”, is characterized by all the people she meets as her personality, or parts of it, were reflected in the soul- mirror of all these people. At the same time we come to see and know the world through her eyes and through her unexpressed thoughts. We get the feeling that our information is reliable not just because the camera follows her- we know from the beginning that this is an artistic device. But we accept the challenge in willing suspension of disbelief. Mona Bergeron’s story gains contour very fast, because there are so many angles from which the story is told.
Her nails are dirty, but she still has beautiful hands, and in the eyes of the others she appears as a free person. So she has something, something that other people, sometimes even the people judging her, do not have. Nobody wants her, people just use her: for sex, to quiet their tormented conscience, to stop feeling lonely, or just because they can read in her something they have never had, but they always wanted to. All she has is a tent and a backpack.
Looking carefully at her eyes, she seems to be happy in herself. When she smiles she makes a whole world. She does not need anyone. Her dirty nails, hands, clothes, backpack contrast with her inner beauty and with the other’s dirty minds and intentions. Under these circumstances it is difficult not to wonder who the real “drifter” is. In the end it is just a matter of perception: Mona is an exterior vagabond. Everybody notices her due to the life style she has chosen, but most of the people she comes to meet are interior vagabonds, so to speak, who have decided by different reasons to let the society shape their soul and mind.
Her relations with the women she meets are extremely interesting. For Yolanda, Mona and her lover are the symbol of the eternal love. Yolanda sees in Mona the life she has always dreamed of, but she had never had. Mona is beautiful, apart from her smell and her dirty clothes, independent, and she also seemed cherished in her lover’s arms. In other words, Mona, the vagabond girl, who travels from one part to another caring a backpack and a tent as all her possessions, sleeping outside even on a windy or snowy day, is, for Yolanda, a model of love and beauty.
For Mme Landier, Mona might be either the child she never had or maybe just an example of honesty, decency and sincerity. After facing death, Professor Landier feels the need to find and help Mona. What is her motivation? Is she the Good Samaritan doing good out of a fine heart? No matter her motivation, she is the only female in the film who kisses Mona. Her kiss has so much empathy and kindness that we do not truly care if she helped Mona just to quiet her conscience or for some other reasons.
Mme Landier also tries to get to know Mona. In front of Mme Landier’s questions, Mona raises a barrier, a wall. She is not used to have this kind of interest or to get attached, to care. Usually people do not ask her personal questions, because nobody cares about her answers. Mme Landier sees the best in Mona- a girl who has the courage to travel all by herself during the winter, to work from time to time just to have some money for bread, and who has the guts to be herself in each and every situation.
Observing Mona, Mme Landier is looking into herself; discovering Mona she is rediscovering herself. Mme Landier is strong and sensitive in the same time. Mirroring herself into Mona, Mme Landier realizes that this apparently tough girl must have a sensible side also. So she asks her ex-student, the agronomist Jean-Pierre, to find her; but he cares only about his auntie’s house and his own comfort and success. When he encounters Mona at the train station he is ashamed by the way she looks and tries to get out of there without saying hi or having anything to do with Mona.
The old Tante Lydie discovers in Mona a real person, honest and fun. Surrounded by falsehood and lies, Tante Lydie comes back to life in Mona’s presence. The scene in which they are drinking together shows us that for the almost blind old lady, Mona represents the essence lost long ago from her conversations and her social relations. In other words, one has to be blind in order to see deep inside someone else’s heart, in a heart to heart analysis. But this is not going to last either. Insecure both as a woman and as a professional, Yolanda kicks Mona out, afraid that the “fun girl” will steal her job and her boyfriend. When others are projecting theirs own fears on Mona, words are her only defense.
The shepherd’s wife- maybe a more conventional ugly woman before getting married- is also suspicious of Mona. She does not want to open her heart or her home to her, but submits her husband’s decision to host Mona for a night. Is the shepherd’s wife able to recognize in Mona the woman, her husband, the philosopher shepherd, always looked for? Mona makes her insecure and weak. Instead of controlling her fears and doubts, the shepherd’s wife prefers having Mona out of her household.
Mona is all and nothing in the same time. She is all a woman wants: she is beautiful, intelligent, and independent, on her own, without having to submit to somebody’s authority. She has charisma and exerts a big influence on the people she meets. But still she is nothing without nice clean clothes, a place to live, a job, and a stable relationship. In front of the people she comes to meet, Mona is a threat, an easy catch, a piece of junk, or a strange apparition. But still she remains in everybody’s mind, all the people she came into contact remember her very well. What makes Mona so special? Is it all about her clothes, or her dirt, her language or her backpack? She is poor and dirty, she is different, unconventional, and unique, with a strong personality; her beautiful qualities overcome her appearance.
Solemn music announces the beginning of the film. Joanna Bruzdowicz’s “La Vita” prepares us for what will follow. First we may think that this music’s role is to emphasize the theme of the film, but soon we realize that in this film we hear the music on its own, like another way of telling Mona’s story. It is not sound. It is the story told in a different way. Throughout the film we hear variations of the same song, which shows us that Mona’s story is one and the same from the beginning of the film till the end, even if her life has ups and downs. As the title of the song, “La Vita”, states, the images invite us to see life; surprisingly the story starts with a man finding the body of a woman on a field. Without any identity, she is nobody; she does not belong to somebody. The policemen think she died of natural causes. Nobody claims the body. But people remember her. She has had attitude and a strong personality even if she had no material possessions.
Do we humans actually understand each other? Do we really communicate? Mona wonders about life, about truth; she has left her job and her former life because she realized that she needs something else in order to exist, to give her life a purpose. But what is she looking for, why is she on the streets all by herself? We don’t know. There are no such details in the film. We don’t know her past, we don’t know her thoughts, and all we have are her actions, shown either directly or as told by the people she met during her journey. She is not talkative about herself. She remains a mystery. Who is she? Where is she from? We never find out.
Hungry, without any money, Mona goes to a bar, orders a coffee. She loves life, and when she hears music she seems to live in another world. But what is she hiding inside her? Why is she running away? Is it something or somebody? There are more questions than answers. We never find out all these details about Mona. Maybe because she is just an example, a random vagrant, but her story is or, at least, wants to be, universal.
Mona has her moments of happiness: eating caned food with her lover, enjoying a song at the bar, but nothing seems to last in her life. She cannot commit, she cannot stay. Some other times she is sad. When Mona sees that the painting is torn, we really feel her disappointment and rage. Mona is rejected, partly, because she is dirty, and she is aware of that. Society rejects dirt, even more than poverty. She lives her ostracism with courage and dignity. For some people Mona is a rebellious girl, which I think she truly is. She refuses to accept conformity and a so-called life just because people in general are doing it. She prefers to think, to be her own master.
The film is like a small circle, in which we rotate. With every single turn we identify more of the people who knew Mona. It is a double act of knowing: we know Mona through their eyes and we discover all these people through the way they dealt with Mona.